physical mapping

physical mapping
The process of assembling genomic DNA clones that completely cover a genetic locus. In genome projects, this is an essential prerequisite for sequencing; in positional cloning, it assists in designing a strategy to identify the gene of interest. The procedure is to screen candidate clones for a series of characteristic marker sequences, based either on satellite DNA, or on PCR-derived sequence tagged sites. Clones that share particular markers are assumed to overlap in that region, and computer analysis is used to identify the smallest set of clones that completely cover the region.

Dictionary of molecular biology. 2004.

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